Instalar Cliente Oracle en un Servidor Linux

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Cómo instalar el cliente Oracle en un servidor Linux. Aquí paso a paso:

Debemos descargar los archivos:
oracle-instantclient-basic-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64.rpm
oracle-instantclient-devel-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64.rpm
oracle-instantclient-sqlplus-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64.rpm

de la página de Oracle: https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linuxx86-64soft-092277.html

Una vez los tengamos descargados, procedemos a la instalación:

[root@Server ~]# yum localinstall oracle-instantclient* --nogpgcheck
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Examining oracle-instantclient-basic-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64.rpm: oracle-instantclient-basic-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64
Marking oracle-instantclient-basic-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Examining oracle-instantclient-devel-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64.rpm: oracle-instantclient-devel-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64
Marking oracle-instantclient-devel-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Examining oracle-instantclient-sqlplus-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64.rpm: oracle-instantclient-sqlplus-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64
Marking oracle-instantclient-sqlplus-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package oracle-instantclient-basic.x86_64 0:10.2.0.5-1 will be installed
---> Package oracle-instantclient-devel.x86_64 0:10.2.0.5-1 will be installed
---> Package oracle-instantclient-sqlplus.x86_64 0:10.2.0.5-1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
base/7/x86_64 | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel/x86_64/metalink | 4.0 kB 00:00:00
epel/x86_64 | 3.2 kB 00:00:00
epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 930 kB 00:00:00
epel/x86_64/primary | 3.6 MB 00:00:02
extras/7/x86_64 | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 205 kB 00:00:00
pgdg11/7/x86_64 | 4.1 kB 00:00:00
pgdg11/7/x86_64/primary_db | 127 kB 00:00:00
updates/7/x86_64 | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
oracle-instantclient-basic x86_64 10.2.0.5-1 /oracle-instantclient-basic-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64 104 M
oracle-instantclient-devel x86_64 10.2.0.5-1 /oracle-instantclient-devel-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64 1.4 M
oracle-instantclient-sqlplus x86_64 10.2.0.5-1 /oracle-instantclient-sqlplus-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64 2.7 M

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 3 Packages

Total size: 108 M
Installed size: 108 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : oracle-instantclient-basic-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64 1/3
Installing : oracle-instantclient-sqlplus-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64 2/3
Installing : oracle-instantclient-devel-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64 3/3
Verifying : oracle-instantclient-sqlplus-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : oracle-instantclient-devel-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : oracle-instantclient-basic-10.2.0.5-1.x86_64 3/3

Installed:
oracle-instantclient-basic.x86_64 0:10.2.0.5-1 oracle-instantclient-devel.x86_64 0:10.2.0.5-1 oracle-instantclient-sqlplus.x86_64 0:10.2.0.5-1

Complete!

Ahora necesitamos configurar los TNSNames.ora, para esto creamos los directorios network/admin

[root@Server ~]# mkdir /usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.5/client64/network/admin -p

Aquí dentro configuramos nuestro TNSNames.ora.

Una vez hayamos terminado, procedemos a crear las variables de entorno. Esto lo debemos hacer en el final del .bash_profile del usuario con que se va a utilizar sqlplus.

export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.5/client64
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

Nos loggeamos con ese usuario y probamos la conexión con lo siguiente:

$ sqlplus <usuario>@sid_del_TNS_Names.ora

Con esto deberían poder loggearse perfectamente y tener todo funcionando. Si desean cambiar algún parámetro de conexión, deberán también settear el NLS_LANG en el entorno que se utilizará sqlplus.